Monday, January 30, 2017

Living on One Dollar / Micro Loans

Before We Begin:
  • Discuss what the following terms mean:
    • Productive Resources
    • Opportunity Costs
    • Three Basic Questions
      • What to produce?
      • How to produce it?
      • For whom to produce?
    • Supply and Demand
    • Factors that cause changes in market supply and demand
    • The basic function of money in society?
Living on One Dollar (2013): This movie is available on Hulu and Netflix, but it's currently also available on YouTube.  (https://youtu.be/tmQujWTMuC8)

Here's more information on Micro Loans -- a concept being evangelized by actress Natalie Portman.  "Natalie Portman: Small Loans Go a Long Way".
This is an explanation of how programs like FINCA can make a difference in the lives of the worlds poor -- especially for women.
Assignment: Answer the following questions:
  1. What are the economic “productive resources” of the radish farm?
  2. What were some of the “opportunity costs” made by the native population?
  3. How does the “Traditional Economic System” handle the three basic systems of what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce?
  4. Define “Supply and Demand” and give examples from the movie.
  5. What are some factors that cause changes in market supply and demand?
  6. What is the basic function of money in this society?  Why don’t they trade through barter?
  7. How does a "micro loan" help a family out of poverty?
  8. Why do "micro loans" help women more than men, typically.
Tennessee Economic Standards: E.1, E.2, E.6, E.11, E.17, E.49

Finally, why give someone a loan when you can give them a donation?

Friday, January 27, 2017

1.1: Scarcity and Choice

Chapter 1 Lesson 1: Scarcity and Choice
Assignment:
  1. Begin Chapter 1: Section one and define the terms on the top of Page 3:
  2. Explain the difference between scarcity and shortage in your own words.
  3. What are the "Factors of Production"?
  4. Explain the difference between "Human Capital" and "Physical Capital".
  5. Explain the difference between "Goods" and "Services"
  6. Go to "Section 1 Assessment" (p.7) and answer question 9 and 10.
    1. Next, begin thinking of a store or other shop you would like to open.  Start brainstorming ideas for your business.  It could sell t-shirts or organic groceries; you could open a restaurant or a gas station; it could be a car detailing shop, a motorcycle store, a shooting range, an upholstery shop, a hair salon, etc.  Come up with something that interests you and that you understand, because you'll be using "your business" throughout this class.
    Homework:
    1. Draw 4 "building shapes" (see below) on a paper and label it, "Land, Labor, & Capital",  The triangle is the business name (I am giving you two businesses to start with) and you will come up with two additional businesses, including the business you are brainstorming in #7 above.  Fill in possible Land, Labor, Physical Capital and Human Capital for each business.

    Monday: Be prepared to tell me what Scarcity and The Factors of Production are, and what they mean, and have your possible business ideas ready.

    Thursday, January 26, 2017

    Movie: Dreams of Flying

    Today we're watching a movie called "Dreams of Flying."  It's a cheesy, 90's movie about careers, college, family expectations and peer pressure.  While some of the acting is horrible, it makes a valid point about who is really "flying your plane."

    Open Microsoft Word and put your name and title ("Dreams of Flying") on the top.

    Before we watch the movie, spend 5 or 6 minutes answering these questions:
    1. Are there any careers that should only be performed by a man or woman?  Explain.
    2. Do you have any family pressure to pick a certain career -- or to avoid a career?  Explain.
    3. Do you have pressure from friends about your life choices -- or future goals?  Explain.
    After we watch the movie, answer these questions:
    1. Summarize the movie and give me some feedback about whether or not it's applicable to high school students today.
    2. Do you relate to any of the characters in the movie?  Why or why not?

    Wednesday, January 25, 2017

    Portfolio: Handshake Etiquette Guide

    Today we are going to be discussing and demonstrating proper handshake etiquette.  I will be giving you a handout that you will keep in your portfolio as a reminder of proper technique.
    Click to Download

    Keep in mind that when you are looking for a job, you have to get over a series of hurdles:
    1. You have to submit the proper paperwork (resume', cover letter, application, etc.)
    2. You have to be vetted by the hiring manager
    3. You get asked to a job interview
    4. You meet the interviewer (first impressions are important)
    5. You get through the interview successfully
    6. Sometimes you get asked for a second interview
    If you trip at any of those hurdles, someone else will pass you up.  That being said, take a look at Step 4 above.  If you dress poorly, have messed up hair, aren't groomed well, smell bad, etc. you will probably not fare well in the interview.  If you show up looking great and then you give a really horrible handshake, you can complete lose all of the progress you made by looking good.  First impressions are important.


    Introduction to Block Letters: Letter to Yourself

    Today we will be writing our first "block letter".  This is a standard block letter (see format below) which does not require any special formatting (bold, italic, underline, centering, etc.) so we are able to do it in writing -- but they are typically done in a word processor (like Microsoft Word).  Notice that everything is aligned along the left side of the page with NO indenting.

    Block letters consist of the following sections:

    • Return Address (your address)
    • Date (in long form such as "September 16, 2010"
    • Addressee/Destination (Name and Address)
    • Salutation (Dear Mr./Mrs. __)
    • Body of the Letter (at least two real paragraphs)
    • Complimentary Close (Sincerely,)
    • Signature (Written by hand in blue or black ink)
    • Your Typed Name



    In the theme of looking at your future, we will be writing a letter to yourself 10 years in the future.  Your current address goes on the top and your future address goes after the date -- feel free to make up an address where you think (or hope) you will be living.

    Introduce yourself and tell "future you" about your favorite foods, books, movies, TV shows, music, actor/actress, game, teacher, etc.  Remind yourself about ideals or beliefs that you hope you still have.  Congratulate "you" on whatever achievements (job, marriage, children, etc.) you have made over the last 10 years. Tell yourself about important events going on in your life, your church, your country or around the world.

    .

    Tuesday, January 24, 2017

    Preparing for an Interview

    Assess your strengths and weaknesses 

    You will need to spend some time assessing your own strengths and weaknesses. For each area of strength you should be able to demonstrate (provide examples) of how it was developed and utilized. As for your areas of weakness, you have to know what you are doing to improve in that area. It is advisable to list on a sheet of paper all your skills, abilities, accomplishments and weaknesses and be able to provide examples from your past experience as to how you developed, utilized or improved these qualities. Relating your areas of strength to the required qualifications is a key factor in gaining the interviewers attention.

    Study the position available

    Review your understanding about the type of work/position you will be interviewed for. If you are interviewing for a marketing position, be aware of the typical job duties/responsibilities for that position as well as the required qualification to perform the job tasks. If you are not clear about the nature of the position you will be interviewed for, make sure to use your network of contacts to help you develop a better understanding
    of the job.

    Research the company

    Find out as much as possible about the employer. Learn about the company from its website, annual reports, brochures, and other similar sources. You should be able to know the company’s exact name, history, purpose, services/products, major competitors, approximate number of employees, where its branches are located and its future prospects.

    Know the dress code

    Did you know that approximately 60% of job applicants are screened out because their appearance does not fit the organizational image? You should dress like other employees in the organization. If you are well-groomed and neatly dressed, your appearance will inspire a basic confidence in your work habits.

    Bring appropriate materials

    Take along additional copies of your resume, a list of questions to ask about the organization and position, a portfolio (if applicable), a pen and a pad of paper on which you can make a few notes to yourself. Make sure to note on a piece of paper the name of the interviewer, company address, and telephone number in case of emergency.

    Find interview location ahead of appointment 

    Be sure to get specific directions for getting there. Repeat the directions and make sure they are correct. It is even better if you can make a “dry run” to determine the exact location prior to the meeting. You need to find out the approximate travel time to the interview location, check out the best route and parking locations. Make sure that you arrive 5-10 minutes before the interview.

    Dress for Success:

    Men
    • Traditional business attire, i.e. navy blue or gray suit or sports coat and nice slacks, and a long sleeved pressed dress shirt.
    • Ties should be silk and coordinate well with the suit. Avoid any flashy or “theme” ties such as ties with cartoon characters or seasonal events.
    • Jewelry should be limited to one ring per hand a dress watch. No earrings, and of course, no visible body piercings!
    • Cover any obvious tattoos.
    • Shoes should be polished and leather dress shoes in black, dark burgundy or brown are best. Socks should match suit color.
    • Hair neatly combed and clean. Facial hair well groomed as well.
    • Avoid wearing too much cologne or after-shave.
    • Well manicured nails.
    Women
    • Conservative business suit, dress or pants suit. Most appropriate colors are blue, gray, black or tan. Blouse color should be white or any complimentary colors.
    • Jewelry should be modest with one ring per finger, earrings no longer than ½ inch and necklace, and no visible body piercings!
    • Cover any obvious tattoos.
    • Avoid excessively long fingernails. Your nail polish should be a subtle color and applied neatly.
    • Shoes should have no more than 2-inch heels and should complement your outfit.
    • Your hair should be well groomed and clean.
    • Avoid wearing too much cologne, perfume, or make-up.It is very common to worry about something unfavorable occurring at the interview, but don’t allow yourself to worry too much. When you find yourself having negative thoughts, visualize yourself having a highly successful interview. This would be an interview where you are in control and performing your best. If you would like to further your relaxation try a deep breathing exercise such as inhaling through your nose for 4 slow seconds, holding your breath for 4 slow seconds and exhaling through the mouth for 8 long seconds. Try doing this three times before the interview. (but not in the interview itself).
    The Art of Positive Thinking

    It is very common to worry about something unfavorable occurring at the interview, but don’t allow yourself to worry too much. When you find yourself having negative thoughts, visualize yourself having a highly successful interview. This would be an interview where you are in control and performing your best. If you would like to further your relaxation try a deep breathing exercise such as inhaling through your nose for 4 slow seconds, holding your breath for 4 slow seconds and exhaling through the mouth for 8 long seconds. Try doing this three times before the interview. (but not in the interview itself).

    Approaching the interview

    In approaching the interview, keep in mind that you are really approaching a potential “customer”. Think of yourself as your own sales representative. You will be presenting the benefits of what services you have to offer. The decision to work for a particular company should be based on a mutual benefit to both parties.

    5 Best Things to Say in an Interview

    5 Best Things to Say in an Interview
    By Catherine Conlan
    Monster Contributing Writer

    The best things you can say in an interview won’t necessarily get you the job on their own, but they can certainly pave the way. Keep these five things in mind as you go through the interviewing process to give yourself the best chance at landing the job.

    Ask Good Questions

    According to Howard Pines, founder and CEO of BeamPines, “the best thing a candidate can do at an interview is ask good questions.”

    Doing so shows that you are thoughtful and interested in understanding the company. There’s usually a chance to ask questions at the end of your interview, so be ready with questions that show you’re engaged in the process.

    Pines suggests several questions, including:

    • What are the biggest short- and long-term issues I would need to focus on in this position?
    • What would I need to focus on differently than the previous person in this position?
    • What organizational issues should I be aware of?
    “I’m flexible.”

    Whether it’s about possible job duties, a potential start date or simply timing for the second interview, stressing your flexibility makes you easy to get along with.

    Hiring managers don’t like complications, and having to coordinate complicated schedules or haggle over a job description eventually just makes you look difficult. While you certainly don’t want to be a pushover -- and “flexible” shouldn’t define your salary negotiation -- show your potential employer that you’re interested in results that work for everyone.

    The Company’s Own Words

    Before your interview, become familiar with the company’s website and literature. Pay attention to the words used -- what’s important to the organization?

    “In your interview, hit key words that appeared on the company website or brochure,” says Olivia Ford ofAdeptio. “These key words might include team, leadership, simplistic, culture or growth.”

    Mixing these keywords into your answers can provide a subtle hint that you are plugged in to what the organization is looking for.

    “That’s a Good Question.”

    Use this phrase instead of blurting out “I don’t know” if the interviewer stumps you with a surprise question. It can give you a few moments to come up with an answer and, in the meantime, strokes the interviewer's ego a little bit too.

    Avoid the “I don’t know” answer when possible, but of course don’t lie about your experience or training.

    Reasons You Want the Job.

    Knowing a job prospect’s motivations is important for managers who are hiring.

    During your interview, talk about how this position fits into your future plans and the ideas you have about your career, how it fits with your values, and what you would like to learn from it. Talk about how you see yourself in relation to the company and what you believe you can bring to the position.

    These kinds of thoughts show who you are as a person, and go a long way toward giving the hiring manager an idea about how you might fit in the company’s culture and values.


    Asking Questions During an Interview

    "Wait... I have to ask THEM questions when they are interviewing ME?!"

    Yes.  An interview should be a two-way conversation.  You shouldn't monopolize the conversation, but you shouldn't sit there seemingly disinterested either.

    Imagine for a moment that you are introduced to someone new at a party.  You spend a while asking them questions about who they are, what interests them, what experiences they have had, and where they see themselves in the future.  You ask them, “Do you want to know anything about me?”  They reply, “Nope.”  What would you take from that meeting?  You would probably assume that they were not interested in you.

    If an interviewer asks, "Do you have any questions for us?" and you reply, "No... I can't think of any."  They will get the impression that you are not serious about your application to their company.

    Today we will discuss some of the questions you *might* ask during an interview -- obviously you won't ask ALL of them and you won't ask questions that aren't applicable.  We will also explain what benefits you get from asking these questions.

    I am including the PowerPoint here: PowerPoint Presentation: Asking Questions During an Interview

    Monday, January 23, 2017

    10 Interview Mistakes to Avoid at All Costs

    I found another article (this one from MSN Money) discussing potential interview mistakes: (LINK)

    Knowing what to do in an interview -- and what not to do -- can make or break your job hunt. Apart from the more obvious interview mistakes, such as a poor appearance, limp handshake or lack of eye content, some mistakes might not immediately come to mind. Kevin Robson, a London-based recruitment consultant with Capable Consultants Limited, said, "Candidate mistakes can reflect a lack of respect, a lack of desire or both."

    Respect during an interview is paramount. "One of my personal favorites was when a candidate came into the office with 'Eye of the Tiger' playing on their smartphone," said Val Matta, vice president of business development at CareerShift. "I understand the intention -- to show excitement about the job ... however, it doesn't really say anything about what kind of employee the young man was going to be."

    Here are 10 more interview mistakes you'll want to avoid at all costs.

    Mistake No. 1: Arriving Late or Not at All

    If you're running late, call and inform the company. If you will be more than 10 minutes late, call and ask if the interviewers would rather reschedule. Kevin Crane, a retired U.S. Special Agent and author of "Access Granted," told GOBankingRates, "The candidate should have called and explained that they were running late and ascertain if it was still OK to come in for the interview. There may have been other candidates lined up for timely interviews already."

    According to Crane, never miss an interview and then attempt to call days later to reschedule. "The candidate should have canceled as soon as possible and then rescheduled at that time."

    Mistake No. 2: Inadequate Research and Preparation

    Adequate research should provide ideas for insightful questions. Common interview mistakes include uninspired questions or no questions at all, which can reflect a lack of interest or initiative.

    According to Barry Maher, motivational speaker and author, "One applicant I know went far beyond checking out the company's website and online articles about the company and actually called a number of employees who held the type of position she was applying for as well as several of their managers."

    Maher explains that in responding to the interviewer questions, "the candidate was able to show her understanding of the specific issues these employees faced and the ways the company wanted to deal with those issues." Now, that's going above and beyond and will surely help your chances when trying to secure a position.

    Mistake No. 3: Criticizing a Former Employer

    Negativity of any form in an interview can be construed as bitterness, particularly when it is aimed at a former employer. If you must describe a negative experience such as a lay-off or a conflict, do so by stressing the positive.

    Tim Toterhi is an executive coach and author of "The Introvert's Guide to Job Hunting." According to Toterhi, "Instead of venting, take the time to briefly note what you learned, what you accomplished and how this opportunity is the logical progression of your career. If pressed for why similar growth is not available in your current company, stay positive and offer a logical reason such as company size, newness of next level management or your desire to broaden your experience by switching industries."

    Mistake No. 4: Stumbling Over Predictable Questions

    Some questions are practically guaranteed to come up in an interview and not having a well-rehearsed, well thought-out answer will be disappointing to any interviewer. You need an answer that will either resonate with them or make them remember you.

    For example, "Where do you see yourself in five years?" is not inviting the response, "To be married and living in a big house." When asked about your weaknesses, recount a previous experience and explain what you learned. For example, "It taught me that my reaction to a problem is more important than the problem itself."

    According to Toterhi, "Sometimes you simply don't have the required experience or a specific skill spelled out in the job description or sought by the interviewer. Instead, demonstrate your integrity by acknowledging the gap ... then note a relevant trait you have that has yet to be explored. For example, maybe your volunteer experience can make up for a shortfall in formal education ... In the end, you both want the role to work."

    Mistake No. 5: Using "I" Rather Than "We"

    When describing your achievements, it's natural to use the first person "I." However, using "we" or referring to "the team" can show an interviewer that you encourage growth from other employees and appreciate the contributions of others.

    "In a world of self-promoters, it's refreshing to find a candidate who acknowledges the efforts of others," said Toterhi. "That said, it's important not to inadvertently dilute your contributions. Be specific about your role in the accomplishment and detail exactly how you achieved it by noting the situation you faced, the action you took and the results you achieved."

    Robson suggests including words such as "colleagues," "support" and "advice" in your responses as well. These keywords can help relay that you're a real team player and respect the support and hard work of those around you.

    Mistake No. 6: Failing to Interview the Interviewers

    An employer wants to feel certain that you will stay in the job for the long haul. One way to assure the employer that you are the right person is to collect as much information from the interviewers as they do from you so that you can make an informed decision if you receive an offer.

    According to Monique Honaman, CEO of ISHR Group, "Candidates make a big mistake when they spend the entire interview selling themselves and no time interviewing the prospective employer. This should be a two-way discussion. We have coached many clients who jumped at a new role only to realize that they did not do their due diligence on the company and found out they didn't 'fit' with the culture."

    So, always ask questions and interview your interviewer. This can also extend your interview, which can be helpful for you. Robson suggests that the length of your interview is a good indicator of your success.

    "If you're in for a minimum of 45 minutes, you're 75 percent of the way there," he said. "Every additional minute implies another 1 percent certainty of good performance, so 46 minutes equals 76 percent and 47 minutes equals 77 percent. The way to extend the interview is to ask questions and build on interview minutes."

    Mistake No. 7: Asking About Vacation or Daily Hours

    Inquiring about a typical day is acceptable interview etiquette, but asking about typical hours is not. Although a practical question, it can show more of a concern for what the company can do for you rather than what you can offer the company.

    "I was involved in an interview recently where the first three questions from the applicant were, in order, 'How much vacation time do I get?', 'How long do I have to be here before I'm eligible for a vacation?' and 'How long before I start to accrue additional weeks of vacation?'" said Maher. "What had looked like a great applicant, now looked like someone who couldn't wait to get out of work."

    Maher continued, "The best questions show not just an interest in the job, but an interest in helping the company accomplish its goals. 'What would the perfect employee for this job look like for you?', 'In the best of all possible worlds, what would you like me to accomplish for you in three months? In a year? In five years?" Keep these positive questions in mind for your next interview, and skip asking about hours and vacation time.

    Mistake No. 8: Disclosing Your Current Salary

    Mark Grimm, a speaker and communications coach, said, "Telling the prospective employer what you make is a mistake for so many reasons. It gives them leverage when you get to salary. It may lead to them thinking less about your skills in circumstances where you were underpaid. It can create an artificial starting point that otherwise would have been higher. Just say, 'That's proprietary information,' if asked."

    Some employers insist that you provide a ballpark figure for your desired salary. This gives you the opportunity to avoid a disappointing offer that you would be inclined to refuse by never disclosing your current salary. Give them the salary range you're expecting, not the salary you're making at your current job.

    Mistake No. 9: Making Assumptions on Gender

    Don't assume an interviewer's gender based on their name. Elle Kaplan is the CEO of LexION Capital Management, one of the only women-owned and run wealth management firms in the nation.

    Kaplan said, "I see many make the mistake of assuming I'm a man during phone interviews. Nothing can ruin an interview quicker than hearing someone request 'Mr. Kaplan' or being asked to be transferred to the CEO. Not only does this show a lack of research, but also makes a rude assumption about gender in the industry."

    Remember: Do your research, and know your interviewer. "I'd highly recommend all potential employees do their due diligence and avoid assuming anything before stepping into an interview or picking up the phone," is Kaplan's sage advice.

    Mistake No. 10: Giving Up

    John Hersin is a former Google executive and CEO of the technology recruiting software company Connectifier. He sees candidates who try to redirect questions and seem to give up too easily.

    Hersin's advice is: "Don't ever give up. It's becoming more common for candidates to face questions about hypothetical situations or questions that require some analysis to come to an answer. Many people are so fearful of struggling with such questions that they try to redirect the conversation, or they just give up in hopes of moving on to something they are better about."

    "If the interviewer asks you something, they often care as much about how you approach the question and that you keep pushing yourself in the face of a challenge," Hersin said. "No employer wants you to give up when things get hard on the job, so don't do that in an interview either."

    25 Most Common Interview Questions

    A job interview involves a lot of questions because the interviewer is trying to find out as much information [about the interviewee] as they possibly can in a limited amount of time.  While you may get asked some very specific questions (i.e. "Have you ever worked a cash register before?"), it is likely that you will also be asked a lot of standard interview questions (i.e. "Tell me about yourself.").  Today we will be discussing the 25 most common interview questions (according to the Human Resources departments of several corporations).  I am including the PowerPoint slide show titled, "25 Most Common Interview Questions" here if you would like to review this in the future.

    Friday, January 20, 2017

    25 Most Common Interview Mistakes

    Today we will be working on the 25 Most Common Interview Mistakes.  I will be going over a PowerPoint presentation (view it here) and you will be typing them in Microsoft Word as a bulleted (or numbered) list for inclusion in your portfolio.  At the end of class, please print and turn in your copy.  After I grade these, you will get them back to put in the "Interview Prep" section of your portfolio.

    To see an example of an interview mistake...

    Tuesday, January 17, 2017

    Homework: Making a Difference in Your Community

    HOMEWORK [70 points]

    Decide the location of your community -- Jellico, LaFollette, Elk Valley, Rocky Top, Clairfield, Stinking Creek, Caryville, White Oak, etc.  If your local community doesn't fit with this project, use Jellico since it's where you spend your days, do your shopping, go to restaurants, etc.
    • List 10 specific things that are positive about your community.  What are some things that you would tell someone about if you wanted them to visit?  If some jerk that you couldn't stand came here saying your community was horrible, what sorts of things would you counter with?  List WHY your community is good.  (At least 10 *real* things)
    • List 10 specific things about your community that one person could do to make a difference.
      These could be simple things like picking up trash in the park, clearing weeds along ABC Road, painting over graffiti behind the gas station, etc.  (At least 10 *real*, specific things)
    • List 10 specific things that a small group of people could do to make a difference.
      Things like cleaning up the abandoned cemetery on XYZ Street, planting a community garden in the abandoned lot on the corner of Main Street and 1st Avenue, cleaning out destroyed/abandoned buildings or lots along the railroad tracks, etc.    (At least 10 *real*, specific things)
    • List 10 specific things about Jellico High School that are positive. 
      How are we better than other schools in the country or in the world?  What are some good things that we have at our school that you wish more people knew about?
    • List 10 things that you [or a group of students, parents and teachers] could start doing to make JHS a better place to go to school.  Be honest but respectful.  Try to think of things that could help the school in a variety of ways -- academic, aesthetics, attitude, etc.
    • List 10 specific things that students can do to become better students.  This one is a bit different than "making a difference in your community" because it focuses on making yourselves better, but what could you [and others] do to be better students, people, friends, etc.
    Now that you have your lists:
    1. Look at your lists of projects and put a star next to the items that could be done without money.
    2. What are some local resources that might be used to get some of the projects on your lists done?  (i.e. Boy Scouts, church groups, philanthropists, etc.)
    3. In what ways could getting some of these changes made help your community [and school] now and in the future?
    4. What is one easy task that you would be willing to take on to make a difference?  What if everybody worked on one simple thing?  
    5. There's a rule in hiking, hunting, camping, etc. that recommends leaving your site better than you found it.  What would happen if we did that everywhere?
    6. How does examining your community (where you live and go to school) help students understand history, geography, and economics?
    7. Interview an adult in your community and ask them about the positive things and the things they would like to see changed.  (4 pts.)
    Resources:
    Jellico City Council
    Meets the 3rd Thursday each month at City Hall
    (423) 784-6351

    Friday, January 13, 2017

    SLANT: The Psychology of Better Grades

    What is SLANT?  It's using psychology to improve your grades; it's cheating in a moral and ethical manner.  :)
    • S: Sit Up Straight and (if possible) in Front.
    • L: Lean, Listen & Learn:  Lean forward and listen & learn who your teacher is.
    • A: Ask & Answer Relevant Questions
    • N: Nod Your Head
    • T: Track the Speaker / Talk to Teachers





    Taking Notes and Reviewing Important Information

    Cornell Notes:  You can use a pre-made form or a piece of regular ruled binder paper to create a Cornell Note form.
    • Begin with a heading (Name, date, class, etc.)
    • Add a title:
      • If it's a lecture, something like "The Pullman Strike" or "The Water Cycle". 
      • If it's a chapter [or section of a chapter] use the title of that section.
      • If it's a movie, use the title of the movie.
    • In the "Notes" section, you will take shortened, essential notes.
      • Don't write down EVERYTHING -- keep it simple and cover main points.
    • When the lecture/film/section is over, summarize the page in the bottom section.  
      • Just quickly tell what the page is about as if you had to explain it to someone in a sentence or two.
    • Finally, add some study questions in the left column to help you remember the material.
      • See examples below:

      A bit more about note taking:
      There are some good tips in this one -- and some things NOT to do.  :)
      Taking Cornell Notes (For Nursing School):

      Thursday, January 12, 2017

      Photo Manipulation in the Media

      Today we will be discussing how "the media" uses programs like Photoshop to alter images for advertising or even news.  We will also discuss the ethics of such manipulation, and prepare for some basic image alterations for a mock client.

      Below is a video (from Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty) which demonstrates how much the print media (magazines, billboards, etc.) rely on PhotoShop.  It also does a great job of demonstrating why young people today have difficulty living up to the images they see in magazines and advertising.  Even supermodels get Photoshopped before they are "good enough".

      And this one:
      And one for the guys:
      And how about a real-time video editing selection:
      Here are some examples of Photo Manipulation in the media:


      So when did "photo manipulation" begin?  Many people think it's a new invention which arrived with the invention of programs like Photoshop, but although technology has made photo manipulation easier it has been around almost since photography was invented.  Look at the following examples:
      This well-known portrait of Abraham Lincoln was done around 1860.  It is actually a combination of Abraham Lincoln's head and Southern politician John Calhoun's body.
      This well-known picture of General U.S. Grant atop his horse at a Civil War camp is actually a composite of three separate pictures.  (Click to view larger picture)

      The big question is to decide when it is appropriate to manipulate a photo and how much manipulation should be done.  Are you removing a pimple from the tip of someones nose or doctoring a photo to make someone appear more guilty?  Are you removing a power line or a distracting road sign to improve the image, or are you removing wrinkles from someones' face for an anti-wrinkle cream?  Here are some more examples:
      Click to enlarge.

      Click to enlarge.

      Another big question is should the news be able to create images to illustrate their stories?  Sometimes they are altered, sometimes cropped, and sometimes created outright.  So when is something "news" and when does it cross the line to become entertainment?

      These two magazine covers used the same photo and sat on news stands the same week:

      The same two magazines had these covers depicting the McCaughey septuplets.  One magazine (in this case, Newsweek) decided that they needed to replace Mrs. McCaughey's mouth with another that was more attractive.
      Sometimes the same company can release the same picture -- and decide to "fix" it.

      Here are some examples of when the news takes things out of [or put things into] the picture:
      Iranian Missile Launch Test

      Brad & Angelina were "caught together", although the photo's shown  were taken at different times and in different places -- Brad Pitt was in the Caribbean in 2005 and Angelina Jolie was in Virginia in 2004.
      The $2 Bill was changed to reflect ethnic diversity in 2009.

      When an actor is known for his facial expressions (including wrinkles) it seems silly to Photoshop them out.

      Here's an example of the same student from the same picture using 3 different laptops from 3 different advertisements.


      In this example, National Geographic gained some dubious recognition when they "created" the cover of the magazine by Photoshopping together pyramids into a more aesthetically pleasing photo.

      These photos of deceased soldiers (released by the Army in 2008) were later retracted when it was discovered that they were identical -- with the exception of the name and face, obviously.

      Israeli newspaper Yated Neeman removed two female cabinet members from a photo of Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres -- and replaced them with male cabinet members.

      Malaysian President Jeffrey Wong Su En produced this doctored photo as evidence that he had been knighted by the Queen of England.

      Egypts newspaper Al-Ahram published this photo in which Egyptian President Mubarak was moved to the leadership position appearing to lead the group of world leaders.

      This picture claiming to be Sarah Palin was printed in many newspapers during the last election.  I saw it in a San Francisco newspaper as recently as last Summer.  It was later revealed to be doctored.

      Claiming a Rabbinical modesty code, Orthodox newspaper Der Tzitung removed pictures of women from this photo of President Obama's situation room during the take-down of Osama Bin Laden.

      Here are a few pictures showing some editing/manipulation (click to view animation):







      Sometimes they simply piece together parts of the same celebrity to create the shot they are looking for.





      There's a quickly growing collection of "Photoshop Fails" which display examples bad Photoshop work -- typically unfinished or unnoticed problems.  Usually just the result of lazy designers.


















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